Democracy Murders Itself Is John Adams Correct Essay

Democracy while it lasts long is bloodier than either aristocracy or monarchy. Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a democracy that did not commit suicide - John Adams Dictatorship; a rule with just one person or a few of them controlling the country may sound like a regime with less chaos and corruption. Despite such a promising scenario I tend not to agree with John Adams statement. It’s not democracy that dies off, rather it is dictatorship that fails to survive. And the dictator sees his failure when people want their voice to be heard, problems to be solved, rights to be served and freedom and equality to be the main focus of leadership. Einstein, the famous†¦show more content†¦Who could imagine a son of black father and white mother; Muslim father and Christian mother and yet become the president of America. This can only happen in democracy! Nations like us who tend to follow the pedigree, noble caste and family background continue to lag behind. In our country we are still in the shackles of ‘baradry’ system. Any person how capable he may be cannot come up without money and support of power corridors. If true democracy is allowed to prosper in our country, no superpower can dare to send drones for killing innocent people in the name of collateral damage. No Army General can come on television and say that from today onwards I’m the master of your destiny. But the democracy too has its limitations. In somebody’s words, â€Å"In democracy the heads are counted and not the brains.† Yes, if the donkeys are allowed to choose their leader they will not look towards horse. Why it is failing in countries like us and prospering in Europe and America. It is the literacy rate which plays a pivotal role. In third world countries, a common man knows that the slogans of the leaders are hollow yet he goes and castes vote for that leader just in the greed of very petty matters. The leader after assuming powers forgets his people but the voter continues to support that leader. In developed countries, a small move in the wrong direction by the leader can pull himShow MoreRelated Audrey Hofstadter Summary: The Founding Fathers: The Age of Realism 1580 Words   |  7 Pagesof Hobbes and the religion of Calvin. It assumes the natural state of mankind in a state of war, and that the carnal mind is at enmity with God. Throughout, the struggle between democracy and tyranny is discussed as the Founding Fathers who envisioned the Constitution in Philadelphia in 1787 believed not in total democracy, but instead saw common man as selfish and contemptuous, and therefore in need of a a good political constitution to control him. Being a largely propertied body, with the exceptionRead MoreComparing Thomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay3502 Words   |  15 PagesComparing Thomas Hobbes and John Locke’s views concerning what life is like in a state of nature we can see that the two-theorist’s share opposite views in making an assumption of what the sate of nature is like. Thomas Hobbes’ views include pessimistic views of nature and how its effects can influence man to selfishly consider what he would need to do to secure his safety while John Locke presents a natural concept that assumes there is a universal thought of good that man is aware of. AttemptingRead MoreThe Public Eye Has Become Of Privacy Essay1756 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounded by events that can spark global debates and conversations of everything that is wrong with the world, in last decade we have witnessed an astonishing amount of things like movements, protests, maj or uprisings, natural disasters, and even mass murder and it has awoken everyone’s minds and making the people of earth more aware and active in the dealings of society. And while within this time period one of the most controversial topics to hit the public eye has become of privacy. Although we areRead MoreWe Must Obey Our Elders17194 Words   |  69 PagesBible, which you can also Study; but Herbert’s Book can Save you YEARS of Study, while also Enlightening your Mind about certain Things that you might not Discover. Likewise, his Son, Garner Ted, has many Inspiring Books, which his Sons Mark, Luke, John, and Matthew promote, free of charge.) Nevertheless, when Joseph Grew into a Young Man, his Brothers Envied him for his Dreams, and for their Father’s Love for him, who made a Cloak of many Colors for him: beCause he would become the Father of a CompanyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesPublishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporaryRead MoreFreedom of Speech, Comparing Freedom of Expression in the Statutory Law and the Sharia Law19992 Words   |  80 Pagesto shed light on the effective aspects of the [old] Sharia in dealing with single details that emerge daily in the modern world. Literature Review In fact, I find that writing about the Sharia Law, in general, is a little uncomfortable. Sharia itself is being neglected by the people who have believed they were raised on it and loved its principles in the Muslim countries. But the recent trend among modern Islamic movements, which have been calling for the implementation of the Sharia Law, makesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesrelevance to the real experience of the poor, black members of their congregations, they owe a great debt to Rastafarianism for reminding them of the cultural history of race in religion. If Jamaicans have evolved a language that is willing to see in itself a quality of resistance and creativity that challenges the control of the colonial structure, it owes much of this to the music of the Rastafarians and to the way that it has transformed the way Jamaicans view themselves in the world. These areRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesEDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmedia empire worth nearly  £150m. Two years later, Palumbo had quit as chief executive and the Ministry of Sound was looking for a new strategic direction. The Ministry of Sound’s start had been difï ¬ cult. Dance music had its origins in ‘acid house’, itself with its roots in the futuristic, electronic music of the gay clubs of Chicago and New York. The new style had been picked up by British DJs in Ibiza, who combined it with the drug Ecstasy to create a new ‘blissed-out’ sound. Dance music arrived in

Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwells Shooting an...

Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwells â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† The phrase â€Å"the power of the press† is used often, but what exactly is the power of the press? Since the beginning of news reporting, it’s been known that what actually gets into the news reports is monitored and carefully picked by higher authorities. What isn’t widely known, however, is that the media can use specific wording and phrases that, on the surface, look like normal news coverage, but are actually a technique of the media to control the images people see and the words they hear and read. From this, people then form their ideals, but are these actually ideals of those people if the media from which they based them off of was controlled to begin with? It is†¦show more content†¦On a daily basis, Orwell was perceived as an intruder upon the Burmese land by the natives, but on this day, he is â€Å"momentarily worth watching† (Orwell 337). Taking up an elephant rifle, Orwell went forward to do something about the elephant, though he w asn’t sure exactly what that would be. He didn’t want to kill the elephant, but now that he held the rifle, he felt that the Burmese had the power and were forcing him along: Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd—seemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind†¦ [The leader] becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the â€Å"natives,† and so in every crisis he has got to do what the â€Å"natives† expect of him (Orwell 337). Orwell’s perspective was that because the Burmese expected him to shoot the elephant, he had no other choice but to do so. His own ideals of how shooting the elephant was wrong were overcastted by the Burmese â€Å"media,† who urged him along and condoned the death of the elephant. It is not evident whether or not the natives were aware of their power over Orwell. The media as we know it today, however, did realize its power over the

Contract Law and its Application

Question: Describe about the contract law and its application. Answer: Introduction The law that manages and rules the different elements associated with written and oral agreements like providing services and goods, properties and monetary transaction is Contract law (Inbrief, 2013). In case of the mentioned scenario, it can be noticed that, Henrietta, in order to prevent a former male friend from visiting her and creating nuisance she seeks the help of a firm of solicitors. But the firm provided her with a litigation clerk who lacked the required qualification to deal with her case. Under such a situation the question lies on whether she can take any legal actions against the firm for the negligence while providing the services to her and if she can make a claim against the firm what are the claims that she can make along with the legal actions that may be taken by her. Body As it can be seen from the provided circumstance, she engaged a firm of solicitors to handle her case, but the terms and conditions of the contract were not clearly stated. This cannot ignore the fact that there was a transaction between both the parties, i.e. Henrietta had paid to the firm to gain their services. This makes it evident that a contract had taken place between the two parties as fee was received by the firm in exchange of their services. On the basis of the formation of the contract it is evident that an implied in-fact contract had taken place between Henrietta and the firm of solicitors. The fact that, though the terms of the agreement were not transparent at the time of formation of the agreement yet there was a mutual agreement regarding the intention of the agreement that occurred by the firms acceptance of the fee as offered by Henrietta makes this an implied in-fact contract. The behavior of both the parties makes it evident that an implied in-fact contract had taken place. In other words, in case of the provided scenario it can be noticed that the important elements of a contract are present i.e. an offer was made by a party which was followed by its acceptance, there was an element of consideration, which in this case was the service provided by the firm, both the parties were mentally fit and capable to enter in a contract at the time of formation of the agreement, there was the intention on the side of offeror as well as offeree to entre in a legal relation (Mandery, 2014). Thus it is obvious that when two parties are involved in a contract, they have to abide by the terms and conditions of the agreement. In this case, the firm of solicitors is liable to Henrietta as they are bound by the agreement according to, in exchange of the fee received from her they were supposed to provide with the best of services which they failed to do. Under such a situation, she can make claims or take legal contracts against the firm for the breach of contract law. The legal claims can be made by her on number of grounds, some the mentionable grounds are- economic loss and suffering, mental distress and upset along with unjust enrichment. Most importantly, professional negligence occurred on the part of the firm of solicitors in the mentioned case. The reason behind being the fact that, in spite of providing her with qualified, efficient solicitor to her in order to deal her case, the firm provided her with unqualified litigation clerk who was not effective and efficient enough to handle the case effectually. In such a situation before the whole circumstance turns more complicated, she can approach Legal Ombudsman. The organization is responsible for dealing with complaints that arises on the part of the clients against solicitors. In such cases, if Legal Ombudsman finds out that the client was provided with insufficient and inef fective services then the organization can help the client in receiving a compensation amount. If the client is not happy with the amount of compensation amount the she can move to take action for professional negligence. Henrietta can also ask for claim on the basis of breach of Duty of care (Glovers, 2014). It was the duty of the of the firm of solicitors in accordance to the contract between both the parties to provide her with professionals who possess expertise in the particular field and provide her with effective advise which was absent in this. As it can be seen that the firm provided her with an unqualified litigation clerk who was not capable enough to deal her case and provide her with effective advise. As a result of which of which breach of duty of care occurred this enables her to take action against the firm of solicitors. Other than that, as already mentioned she can ask claims form the firm of solicitors on the basis of the loss that she had to face because of them. She can emphasize on the fact that due to the misguiding and negligent behavior on the part of the firm she had to face mental trauma, distress along with financial loss on the basis of which as well Henrietta can ask for the claim. In this particular case she can also emphasize on the fact that unjust enrichment occurred in case of the firm (Furmston, Cheshire and Fifoot, 2007). The reason being the fact, that the fee that was paid by Henrietta in the expectation of the service that was promised or committed to her was not performed. Thus the firm was having financial gain or enrichment at the cost of the fee that they received from her. This also makes them liable to pay the compensation amount to her. Other than that, the firm is vicariously liable to Henrietta. The reason behind this being the fact, that it is the duty of any firm to appoint efficient employees and provide the plaintiff with effective services of those efficient employees. In case of any kind of negligence, inc apability or loss caused by the employee of the company, the organization becomes liable to the plaintiff. In this case as well, it can be noticed that because of the incapable employee of the firm, Henrietta had to face financial loss, mental trauma etc. Thus the incapability on the part of the employee of the firm to perform his or her duty effectively and the losses that Henrietta faced because of it also makes the company vicariously liable to her. On the basis of the above discussion it can be noticed that number of aspects that are associated with the formation of a contract and involved with contract law have been breached by the firm of solicitors that makes the company liable to Henrietta and she can ask for claims from the firm because of the loss and the issue that she had to face when she was taking service from them. Once the accusation mentioned by her turns out to be correct and proved in the court then the firm will have to pay the claim amount or compensation amount for the damage caused to her (Botterell, 2010). In this regard it is important to mention that, while demanding compensation it is essential for the claim seeker which in this case is Henrietta needs to have clear and detailed understanding of the difference negligence and misconduct. It can be mentioned here that, when on the part of the professionals there exists negligent or ignorant behavior it can taken under negligence (Burnett, 2011). While, when the professional willfully do not abide by the regulations or purpose of the agreement it comes under misconduct. Thus once it is proved that professional negligence has been committed by the firm of solicitors against Henrietta, in that case the legal avenues that are opened to her for exploring are- compensation for the loss and suffering, professional disciplinary hearing, public as well as private enquiries, professional misconduct and incompetence. In this regard it can be mentioned here that, negligence claims is associated with a time limit. Generally, the time limit starts with the date of negligence. With the help of the above mentioned aspects of contract law and its breach, Henrietta can attain the compensation amount or the amount of claim. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be stated that contractual law protects every dimension of any contract and in case of any form of breach of the law, sufficient actions can be taken against the party who breaches the law. As in this case it can be noticed that, the firm acted in a negligent manner, which is Henrietta proves successfully in the court can receive the compensation amount. In this regard it can be mentioned that a negligent solicitor can cost the valuable time and money of the clients, along with it such complications may be created because of it that would require legal help in to solve it. In general, professional negligence claim can be demanded by a client, if due to the negligent behavior of the professional the client had to face economic loss (Canter-law, 2014). References Botterell, A. (2010). CONTRACTUAL PERFORMANCE, CORRECTIVE JUSTICE, AND DISGORGEMENT FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT. Legal Theory, 16(03), pp.135-160. Burnett, R. (2011). Commercial litigation. London: Thorogood Publishing Ltd. Canter-law.co.uk. (2014). Solicitors in Liverpool for Over 60 Years Canter Levin Berg. Furmston, M., Cheshire, G. and Fifoot, C. (2007). Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of contract. Glovers.co.uk. (2014). Solicitors London UK | Welcome to Glovers Solicitors LLP. Inbrief.co.uk. (2013). In Brief: The Free Legal Information Site. Mandery, M. (2014). Party Autonomy in Contractual and Non-Contractual

Marginalized Characters - A Comparison of Three Works free essay sample

This paper compares Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros and No Matter What by Mary Saracino and depicts how the characters all find themselves in a social class marginalized from mainstream society. This paper focuses on the characters of these three works and how they epitomize the typical member of society in which they live. The writer analyzes their names as an example of how much this reflects the social class to which they belong and shows how these characters have managed to be marginalized by society despite their best efforts. From the paper: Esperanza lives in the impoverished Hispanic community; the only luxury she ever experiences is a ride around the block in a stolen Cadillac. Peanut is part of a working class Catholic family, at a time when Catholics were considered little more than backward cultists, subservient to hundreds of arcane rules and the whims of the pope. We will write a custom essay sample on Marginalized Characters A Comparison of Three Works or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although no ethnic background is ever specified for him, Willy Loman is a member of a social class that is considered to be most unseemly by mainstream America, the salesman. Worse yet, as the play begins, he is a failed salesman. Esperanza lives in the impoverished Hispanic community; the only luxury she ever experiences is a ride around the block in a stolen Cadillac. Peanut is part of a working class Catholic family, at a time when Catholics were considered little more than backward cultists, subservient to hundreds of arcane rules and the whims of the pope. Although no ethnic background is ever specified for him, Willy Loman is a member of a social class that is considered to be most unseemly by mainstream America, the salesman. Worse yet, as the play begins, he is a failed salesman.

Easy Quit Essays - Candy, Tobacco, Smoking, , Term Papers

Easy Quit A pharmaceutical company in southern China claims that it has developed an antismoking candy. According to a China spokesperson, the candy suppressed the desire to smoke in 90% of people using the candy as a tobacco substitute in experiments conducted by the company over the past 12 months. The candy, which can be viewed on the company's website, is a small, round, chewable candy which is currently available in cherry and coffee flavors. The company says it is working to expand the range of flavors to include lemon, mint and rasberry. Unlike a number of antismoking gums and candies, the candy developed by China Pharm does not contain nicotine, making it attractive to smokers who wish to eliminate nicotine completely from their system. China Pharm says that the candy, which will be marketed in the United State under the name "Easy Quit", is made from medicinal herbs and based on ancient Chinese traditional medicine. The company claims that the combination of herbs works in accordance with ancient Chinese therapies realign the energy flow of the body and block the desire to smoke. The candy has been a big hit since it went on sale in China two months ago, with stores reporting lines of people waiting to buy it. Te candy is still subject to FDA approval in te US, but China Pharm anricipates it going on sale in major American drugstores later this years. "Easy Quit" will retail for around $2.99 for a pack of 30.

Essay on Women In Science Why So FewEssay Writing Service

Essay on Women In Science Why So FewEssay Writing Service Essay on Women In Science: Why So Few? Essay on Women In Science: Why So Few?Cara Santa Maria has chosen to pursue career in S.T.E.M. (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) field. She notices not enough women there. American women make up a half of the workforce of the country, but hold less than one quarter of the S.T.E.M. jobs. Recent survey revealed that for 30% of teen girls, maths is the most challenging subject for them, while only 19% of boys tell the same thing. Girls show less interest in pursuing maths, science, technology or engineering careers. Males outscore females in tasks measuring spatial skills, for example, mental rotation, while females generally perform higher results on verbal tasks. However, these discrepancies can be overcome with simple training in a short period of time. Socio-cultural factors, like stereotype threat, have the greatest impact on young girl’s attitude. In one of the 1st experiments on stereotypes threats, two groups of both genders with equivalent maths interest s and abilities were given a graduate level test in mathematics. The first group before taking exam was told that there were no gender difference in scores. The graded exams showed similar results (around 60% and 55%). The second group beforehand was told that men got better results on the test then women. There, boys scored in 86%, while girls scored 16%. Since then, more than 300 different experiments demonstrated that phenomenon. Girls have less confidence in their ability and possibility to succeed in S.T.E.M. subjects, so they are unlikely to try to succeed. Both men and women have unconscious attitudes towards gender and socials roles. We should let people realize that. One of the best way to educate girls is to give them some example to look up to. We need more women in science, technology, engineering and maths. We must remind young girls that it is cool to be smart.Joanne Cohoon. The Path to Full Participation – Understanding, Intervening and AccessingJoanne Cohoon f rom National Center for Women IT, University of Virginia, USA claims that the USA has a women underrepresentation in different spheres of computing on different levels. According to SAT exam, from all the high school female students, only 13% were going to make career in computing in 2008 and 2009. Only 18% of all students who took advanced placement test on computer science were females in 2009 and 19% in 2010. There is a slight increase in female’s share in studying and graduating with computer profession, as well as engineering and science. Women’s representation in computing is rather low in most countries, not only the USA.If we want to change this situation, we need to understand what is going on, to make interventions based on this understanding and to access the outcomes of our actions. One of the reasons for women’s underrepresentation in computing is cultural belief about gender and technology. We need to learn different theories and consider differen t approaches, examine research results and make a plan of our actions. The study has shown that local efforts can counter prevailing conditions and beliefs about gender and technology. It is important to apply research findings and apply programs that will work. Besides, this problem should not be considered a women’s issue, men must be involved if we want to have progress. Activists should work together with policymakers, share the results of the research, so that people would know what might work.In order not to waste time, we need to access the results of our actions to learn whether they work. Another integral part of changing the situation with women’s underrepresentation in computing is communicating with others, as only together we can move forward.Impact investing women fuel 21st century economy: Kay Koplovitz at TEDxBayAreaThe video presents the speech of Kay Koplovitz who starts with explaining why she believes women will empower the economy in the 21st cent ury. Her story begins with the description of events of 1999, when she worked as a national business counselor appointed by President   Clinton to measure the results of women businesses, especially those that were supported by government. She understood that over a 100 billion dollars was the capital and only 1,7% was going to women. She decided to find the women from different spheres of business whom people would want to fund. After some research, she found 350 companies in technology and life science and chose 26 best of them to present. The unique fact of that entire situation was that all those 350 companies where ruled by women. After the presentation, 22 of those companies got funded. That story was about the ability of women to grow into a scale of large businesses.The video continues with showing the most successful business women of that project. Robin Chase, the thought leader in transportation, presented the first car sharing club in the USA which is called Zipcar. Li nds Hall, the leader of urgent care healthcare, presented her project called Minute clinic. Ping Fu, the leader of 3-D technology, became famous thanks to her company Geomagic. One more interesting story was about Kathleen Callender`s project called PharmaJet, the idea of which was the use of needless injectors to indicate blood borne diseases spread through unsafe needle usage in the developing world.At the end Kay Koplovitz provids interesting facts: women do 66% of the world’s work, but only earn 10% of the world’s income, yet invest 90% of their income into family and community. She finishes the speech telling about being sure that women are going to power the economy in the 21st century.Why More Women Arent Computer Scientists, EngineersThe video presents an interview of Judy Woodruff with Dr. Maria Klawe, the president of Harvey Mudd College. The main question is â€Å"Why women are not pursuing careers in so called STEM fields (science, technologies, engineerin g and maths) in the same way as men†.Dr. Maria Klawe informs that there are many young women going into chemistry, and biology, but there are very few women going into computer science, physics and engineering. On her opinion, it happens due to several reasons: 1 – they think it is not interesting; 2- they don`t think they can be good at it; 3 – they have the image of the people whose field is not attractive. Taking into account all these reasons, Dr. Maria Klawe just suggests young women to follow their passion.She is sure that careers in science are amazing, they are well paid and are very flexible and give opportunity to combine career with family, especially computer science. She mentions that what is created in the technology today depends on who creates it: it can be computer games, medical devises or something else. If women decide to create things, it can be a different set of products.Dr. Maria Klawe recommends parents of girls to encourage their daughte rs to try science and to find the instructor who is encouraging.Discussing the importance of math and science at school, elevating their roles, she mentions that future economic opportunities are impossible without STEM; it demands that we need to have a work force that is well skilled in these spheres. The final message tells that we don`t have a future if we don’t achieve this.

LAW OF EUROPEAN UNION. Discuss, with references to relevant EC Treaty Essay

LAW OF EUROPEAN UNION. Discuss, with references to relevant EC Treaty provisions and decided cases, whether or not a reference should be made in this case, and - Essay Example Article 234 of the EC Treaty provides a mechanism by which citiziens and bodies within the European Community may obtain clarification of Community law. In a typical case a question is referred to the European Court of Justice and the general puropose of Article 234 is to ensure that all laws within the European Community equally reflect Community law. In general Article 234 provides that the European Court of Justice will have the authority to â€Å"give preliminary rulings†1 with respect to: Article 234 goes on to provide that when â€Å"such a question is raised before any court of tribunal of a Member State,†3that court or tribunal may if it deems it necessary for the purpose of ruling in the matter before it, â€Å"request† a ruling from the ECJ.4 Moreover: â€Å"Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice.5 The result of Article 234 is the development and application of Community law. Principlay Article 234, the ECJ by deciding cases by way of references it rules on points of law and does not sit as an appellate court. In Foglia v Novella [1980) ECR 745 the ECJ ruled that it would only determine references arising out of genuine disputes and refused to accept a reference where a clause was inserted into a contract solely for the purpose of creating a legal challenge.6 In the case of Melicke v ADV/ORGA AG [1992] ECR I-4871 the ECJ refused a refence because it lacked specificity in the sense that the court was required to rule on a hypotheical bases. The ECJ ruled that it could not decide on the disputer because it did not have: The first issue for Jane is whether or not the Social Service Adjudicator presiding over Jane’s complaint is a proper body under